MERRY PHRASEOLOGICAL DICTIONARY
The casket just opened
But plus to minus replaced.
He fought over the whole evening
The answer stubbornly did not agree.
Anton tried so hard anyway
A the chest just opened.
"The casket just opened" they will say in a situation where there was a simple way out of a predicament.
Climb into the bottle
Friends can't convince
Arrogant Dima,
What is more accommodating to be
Sometimes necessary.
After all, even because of a trifle
He can argue passionately
Though not right for sure
Ready to get in the bottle.
« Get into the bottle " - means angry, angry, stubbornness over trifles.
The bear has stepped on the ear
Fedor has one joy:
Our Fedya loves to sing.
Sings where necessary and not necessary
And we have to endure.
After all, he has trouble with hearing
The people rightly say:
Kohl bear came in ear,
You are silent louder, brother.
“The bear has stepped on the ear”
–
they talk about a person without a musical ear who cannot sing, or sings loudly but falsely.
Grind nonsense
What a noise, what a thunder
In the lessons at school?
All day Anton with Peter
Milled nonsense!
They themselves hardly understood
What kind of nonsense was chatting.
"Grind nonsense"
–
it means to say something wrong, meaningless, to talk about what you don’t know.
Sea knee-deep, mountains on the shoulder
Everyone is bolder in the Lena class,
Even if baked,
Her and reckless,
Yes and mountains on the shoulder.
Know yourself laughing loudly
Achieving his
Here is a brave girl
Not afraid of anything.
"Sea knee-deep, mountains on the shoulder"
–
they talk about a person who is confident in his abilities, ready without hesitation to complete any business.
Rat race
The cat was sent to the country.
I am sitting alone and crying bitterly:
Now in my kitchen
Is going rat race.
(A. Usachev)
"Rat race" - This is petty chores, worries, activities or petty intrigues, unworthy deeds.
Lie with three boxes
Egor went on mushrooms,
Collected them cool:
Found two rotten morels,
A lied with three boxes.
(A. Usachev)
“Lying with three boxes” - a lot of lies.
Full steam
All summer Masha without friends
I missed my grandmother.
Arrived home, and suddenly
I met Marina.
- Hello, Marin! - she's screaming
And to her full steamflies.
"In full steam"
–
means very, very fast.
Chop wood
Excellent Kukushkina Alla
The subject at the board answered.
Why did Oleg tell her?
After all, he himself did not know the question.
Teacher, having heard the prompt,
Broke irritably pointer.
Yes, as always, Oleg Petrov
I was able to break a lot of firewood.
"Breaking firewood"
–
means doing stupidities through ignorance, harming some business or oneself.
Wind up
Grandfather says to Natasha:
I seek to help you
And useful to give advice,
Wrap yourself on a mustache!
But immediately to him
The granddaughter laughed:
–
I don’t have a mustache,
Ah, what a pity!
"To wind on a mustache"
–
means remembering what may come in handy in the future.
On the nose
(Tannins omens)
Like freckles spilling out on my nose
It is a sign - spring on the nose.
If Tanya’s nose turns blue -
Summer. Blueberries ripened in the forest.
The nose of the tan became bronze -
Expect autumn to come soon.
Has become a little pink from the frost -
So friends on the nose New Year!
How can one determine the activity of people weaving endless intrigues, but who, as a rule, are not worth the candle, because the jackpot is not so great? Of course, in culture there are many phraseological definitions, but we will talk about one thing, namely the expression “mouse fuss”. The meaning of phraseology today occupies us.
Origin
Of course, there are cute mice, such as white laboratory ones. Their fate, however, is unenviable, but they look good. But a stable phrase is not about them, but about their pest-brethren, which are usually outrageous in their homes: they are ruining stocks of groats, marking the territory with waste products, gnawing at fabrics and furniture. And which is typical, they make their way, as a rule, inaudibly, spoil the property and just as quietly leave, leaving traces of their stay in the room. This is the origin of the expression "mouse fuss." The meaning of phraseology follows further along with examples of use.
The projection of mouse behavior on human society
Because of their natural harmful nature, rats and mice are not at a premium for humans. But if mice live so obeying their instinct, then a person freely chooses his strategy of behavior. Therefore, when a person begins to behave in an unworthy manner - to intrigue against a neighbor or colleague, and such moves will bring him two rubles in benefits - this is defined by other people as “mouse fuss” (the meaning of phraseology becomes clear if we refer to its origin).
The phenomenon of mouse fuss is present in almost every team. It is believed that women are more prone to petty intrigues, but it is erroneous, because everything depends on the level of moral development of a person. 
Gossip, gossip and petty intrigues are not alien to men. Psychologists say that the stronger sex is even more inclined to discuss rumors than the fair sex.
Thus, the expression “mouse fuss” (the meaning of phraseology we have already partially disclosed) is universal and relevant in almost any situation, because there are mouse people in any professional community.
Value variations
In addition to meaningless and merciless intrigues, the speech turn of “mouse fuss” can also mean minor useless troubles. The easiest way to explain this facet of the meaning of phraseology is by referring to his "colleague" - "squirrel in a wheel." Here the two come closer in value. And sometimes it happens that intrigue is meaningless trouble, because it does not imply any result or benefit at all, and the only result is a ruined relationship with a person.
Tonality of expression
By its origin and significance, it can be understood that it is difficult to praise the expression “mouse fuss” (its meaning is very dismissive and not suitable for these purposes).
Children in the 90s had a lot of all kinds of senseless, but generally cute fun. For example, collecting chewing gum inserts. That adult, probably, it seemed a frivolous occupation. And hypothetically, the parent could go up to the child and say, pointing to the candy wrappers: "What are you doing, what kind of mouse fuss?" Only a heartless adult could do that, unfortunately, a lot.
Two neighbors and vanity race
Some people like to compete, and they compete mainly with their neighbors. For example, there are conditional three neighbors. Two compete with each other, and the third as an outside observer. The subject of controversy of close people should be visible and tangible - machines. One has a better car than another. And the loser is exhausted, works, earning money. And finally, he drives himself a new car - better than his neighbor. And the neighbor (a bad person) has already bought another - an elite foreign car. 
How can an outside observer comment on this process? Of course, only: "Well, what kind of mouse fuss ?!" The proposal can actually be absolutely anything, the main thing is to show the gap between the goal and the means to achieve it.
L.A. AKSENOVA,
from. Stupid
Chaplyginsky district,
Lipetsk region
Let's take phraseology
Have you noticed, dear readers, that phraseology is slowly but surely disappearing from the speech of modern youth? I first thought about this a few years ago, when one of my colleagues in amazement told me that none of her eighth graders knew that the expression of putting teeth on a shelf had nothing to do with dentures. Having worked purposefully with high school students, I became convinced that they feel badly about phraseological units, practically do not use them in speech, and in the test many people can’t even distinguish correct interpretations from incorrect ones. I suspect that not only my students are ill with this speech disease. And this means that we need to change our attitude to the Phraseology topic: for a considerable number of teachers and students, it seems fascinating, interesting, but not up-to-date, of little use. This important topic is devoted to the article brought to your attention by an author you already know - L.A. Aksenova.
Goal: Enrich students' knowledge about phraseological units; continue work on enriching the phraseological stock of schoolchildren.
Repeat the theory
Recall some information on vocabulary and phraseology.
1.
What is the role of a word in a language? How does a word look like a phrase? How is it different from him?
2.
What does the expression mean? the word has a lexical meaning?
3.
Explain the difference between direct and figurative meanings.
4.
What is called phraseological circulation? What are the main signs of phraseology.
5.
What is the difference between a free combination of words and idiom?
6.
What are the main types of phraseological units by the degree of semantic cohesion of the components. Give examples.
7.
What are the sources of phraseological units.
Practical exercises
Exercise 1. Write in one word what the above expressions mean:
pull yourself together (calm down);
take over (subjugate, take hold);
don't believe your ears (wonder);
do not show nose (not appear);
pout (offended);
walk in front of someone on their hind legs (serve);
grabbing tummies (laugh);
climb on the wall from anything (go into a frenzy);
climb into a bottle (get excited, resent);
coward celebrate (scared);
do not stand in one place (develop, improve);
dance to anyone's tune (obey);
ride anyone (exploit).
What part of the speech did you write down on this task? Remember which verb spelling you know.
The next task can be performed in the form of the game “Find a Pair”. Each student receives half the postcard with the phraseologism written on it. He must find another student whose synonym phraseology is written on a postcard. Having found a mate, the student writes both phraseological units (his, the original, and synonymous to him) in a notebook with interpretation.
Task 2. Take the card with the recorded phraseological unit. Pick a synonymous phraseological unit for it.
Note. An asterisk denotes phraseological units that are generally synonymous, but differ in compatibility.
In two counts - in no time (very fast, instant);
a stone's throw away (Very close);
(work) sweat-hard - tirelessly (hard);
(hold) in black gloves - in a black body (strictly, severely treat anyone);
carry chestnuts from the fire - * rake the heat with the wrong hands (use the results of someone else's work);
soar in the clouds - build castles in the air (indulge in futile dreams);
at full speed - with all his legs (fast, hastily);
does not stir up water - does not offend flies (meek, gentle man);
everything is one - hell (no matter, anyway);
the apple has nowhere to fall - the step has nowhere to step - * like a herring in a barrel (a lot of people);
bring someone to clean water - tear off a mask from someone (expose someone else's secret essence);
grated kalach - shot sparrow (experienced person);
thicken paints - make an elephant out of a fly (exaggerate);
galloping across Europe - * diagonally (superficially, without going into details);
put someone in the belt - give someone a hundred points ahead - wipe someone’s nose (prove to anyone their superiority, superiority in anything);
anyone and the trace is cold - anyone was like that (disappear, run away quickly);
one piece in one piece (exactly, exactly);
crush water in a mortar - pour from empty to empty (discuss the same thing for a long time and to no avail);
no end - no end to edge (lots of);
blue blood - white bone (about a man of aristocratic descent);
in the days of ona - under king Pea (a long time ago);
every creature in a pair - every life on a shovel (a bit of everything).
Between phraseological units, not only synonymous relations can arise, but also antonyms. The following task will help to realize this.
Task 3. Write down the phraseological units written on the board in the notebook and select the phraseological unit that is opposite in meaning to each.
To learn how to use phraseologisms correctly, you need to pay attention to the situations in which they are used, to the words with which they are combined. For this it is necessary to listen to the speech of people around, to look closely at the literary texts.
Task 4. Write off the sentences. Find phraseological turns in them.
1. Father did not complain about anything, and only with a short postscript reported that a little was out of order and was in the hospital. (V.Oseeva)2. There is nothing to do, I had to return to the appointed place empty-handed. (M. Saltykov-Shchedrin)3. Just in case, we gave three versts to a hook along the city rampart. (V. Kaverin)4. Because of stupidity, I didn’t agree in advance with Alexei Kozmich, but, you know, he’s a merciful merchant: I’m afraid that he will be skinned for work ... ... (I. Efremov)5. Rumor has it that this is not the first time a team has thrown it in the middle of a flight. What?! Enough for his age! (A. Green) 6. A lot of water has flowed since then, but I still can’t forget this meeting.
Questions for task 4
1. What question does phraseologism answer in each sentence? Which member of the proposal is?
2.
Try to replace each phraseologism with one word or a free combination of words.
3.
Have you met phraseological turns equal to the sentence?
Nowadays, people who actively use phraseological units in speech are not so common. Therefore, when studying the theme of “Phraseologisms”, work with literary texts is so important.
Task 5. Read. What are the authors and works from which these lines are taken?
1. “It is known,” began the Wolf, “that from time immemorial
Always poisoned us wolves
And the nasty things were talking about us. ”
2. But Misha doesn’t lead with her ear:
Mishenka said goodbye to the light,
Warm climbed into the den
And a paw with honey there sucks
Yes, the sea is waiting for the weather.
3. And is it wonderful when a bourgeois wants to live,
As an eminent citizen,
And the bipod is small - like a noble nobleman.
4. Under the tree, belly up and with his fist under his head, a huge man slept and in the most impudent way avoided work. The generals' indignation knew no bounds.
- Sleep, lounger! They pounced on him. “I suppose you cannot even tell that two generals are dying of hunger for two days here!” Now march to work!
A man got up: he sees that the generals are strict. I wanted to give them a streamer, but they still froze, clinging to it.
5. Do not let your soul be lazy!
So as not to crush the water in the mortar,
The soul must work
And day and night, and day and night!
...............................
Don't let her sleep in bed
By the light of the morning star
Keep the lazy man in the black body
And do not remove her reins!
6. Yard faithful dog Watchdog,
Which earnestly carried the lordly service,
I saw my old acquaintance,
Buzzing, curly lapdog
On a soft down pillow, on the window.
Fawning on her, as if to relatives
He almost cries with emotion
And under the window
Squeals, twirls its tail
And jumps.
"Well, Zhuzhutka, how you live
Since gentlemen took you to the mansions?
After all, remember: in the yard we often went hungry,
What service are you doing? ” -
“It’s a sin to grumble for good luck,” the Zhuzhutka answers, “
My master does not dare in me;
I live in contentment and goodness
And I eat and drink in silver;
I frolic with the master; and if I get tired
I am lying on carpets and a soft sofa.
How are you? ” “I,” replied Barbos,
The tail with a whip after and hanging your nose, -
I live as before: endure and cold
And hunger
And, saving the master's house,
Here under the fence I sleep and get wet in the rain;
And if I randomly bark,
I accept beatings.
Why are you, Juju, in a case?
Powerless formerly so small
Meanwhile, how do I tear from my skin in vain?
What do you serve? ” “What are you serving!”
Oh, great! -
Juju answered with a mockery. -
On my hind legs I walk. ”
_____
How many find happiness
Only because they walk well on the hind legs!
Used texts: S. Mikhalkov.Wolf-herbivore; I.Krylov. Bear in the bees; I.Krylov. Frog and Ox; M. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The story of how one man fed two generals; N. Zabolotsky. Do not let the soul be lazy; I.Krylov. Two dogs.
Questions and Tasks
1.
Write out passages from phraseological units. Expand the meaning of each of them.
2.
Describe them stylistically.
3.
What do you know about the origin of these expressions?
4.
Summarize your observations: what is the role of phraseological units in the text? What properties of phraseological units allow them to give speech special expressiveness?
Phraseologisms are an integral part of the Russian language and culture, and, of course, it is not enough just to recognize them in the text: you need to be able to actively use them in speech. To do this, you need to offer students activating tasks.
Task 6. What phraseology with the word stars you know? (Meaning miss the stars from the sky.) What does it mean? (To be a man of ordinary, ordinary abilities.) In what situations can this phraseology be used? Think up and write down with him 1-2 sentences.
Task 7. Make phraseological units from the scattered words. Write them down, determine the meaning of each. Make sentences with one or two.
Tales, week, without, porridge, grandmothers, year, without, loops, birch, hitch, and, knit, bitch (r.p.).
Answer: grandmother's tales - fudge; knit loops - deftly; without a year a week - recently; without a hitch - easy, smooth, very good; birch porridge - rods.
Task 8. Replace the numbers with the letters of the alphabet and read phraseologisms.
1. 14 29 26 10 15 1 33 3 16 9 15 33.
2. 14 21 12 10 20 1 15 20 1 13 1.
Questions and tasks.Define the meaning of each phraseology. What do you know about the origin of the second expression?
Answer: rat race; flour of tantalum. Mouse fuss - chores, vanity due to trifles, trifles; tantalum flour (Tantalum torment) - unbearable suffering due to the inaccessibility of the desired, which seems so close.
"By ancient Greek myth Tantalus, the Phrygian king, was cruelly punished for insulting the gods: he was forever doomed to suffer the thirsts and hunger, although water and magnificent fruits were next to him. " ( V.P. Zhukov, A.V. Zhukov. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. - M.: Education, 1989)
Since schoolchildren do not know phraseological units well, they should be accustomed to working with dictionaries. In ordinary explanatory dictionaries, the most common phraseological units are included under the sign "t". A dictionary entry in which one or another phraseological unit may appear is not always obvious. For example, the expression prick up your ears in one dictionary can be in the article an ear, and in another - in the article pinpoint (at the same time, in good dictionaries in the “dummy” there is usually a link). Pupils should know that before deciding that there is no expression in the dictionary, you should check all the keywords of phraseological units.
Task 9. Focusing on a special sign (t ) and remembering the principles of searching phraseological units in the dictionary, independently find several phraseological units in the explanatory dictionary. Write two or three of them (among those not discussed in the lesson) in a notebook with interpretations.
You need to know that some phraseological units have similar sound combinations of free words. Reminding students of this will help with the next assignment.
Task 10. Determine in which examples met phraseological units, and in which - free combinations of words. What syntactic feature do phraseological units differ in? Try to come up with your own examples by analogy.
1. Father soaped his son's head for the deuce obtained from algebra. 2. Mother put her son in a bath and lathered his head. 3. The kid was sitting on his father’s shoulders. 4. The sailors-riders were already sitting on the shoulders of the Cossacks, and in the air the checkers sparkled. (K. Fedin) 5. The ringer rang all the bells, glorifying Easter. 6. I’ll go to Tambov and there I will ring all the bells, what did he do here! (N.Virta)
It is worth introducing students to special phraseological dictionaries - at least with the following:
1) V.P. Zhukov A.V. Zhukov. School phraseological dictionary of the Russian language: A manual for students. M .: Education, 1989.
2) S.V. Maximov. Winged words. N. Novgorod: Russian merchant, Slavic Brothers, 1996.
Task 11. Use the dictionaries to determine the meaning of the following phraseological units. Make sentences with two of them.
Alpha and omega, Aredov’s eyelids, Ariadne’s thread, a lamb in a piece of paper, Danaid barrel, smoking incense, swan song, silent glanders, breed turuses on wheels.
Alpha and Omega - the foundation of everything, the most significant;
arered eyelids - very long life;
ariadne's thread - unexpected help, unexpected way out of trouble;
lamb in a piece of paper - bribe;
barrel Danaid - completely useless and endless work;
smoking incense - overly exalt, flatteringly praise anyone;
a swan song - the most recent, usually particularly significant, vivid manifestation of talent;
silent glanders - secretly, stealthily and gradually;
(breed) turuses on wheels - (chatting) nonsense, absurdities.
Summarizing
The teacher summarizes the work in the lesson, thanks the students for their activity, gives grades and best presents the colorfully decorated “Diploma to the expert in phraseology”.
In the final conversation, it is worth emphasizing that phraseological turns revitalize our speech, make it more figurative. Therefore, every person who wants to give the impression of a bright personality should enrich his vocabulary, including phraseological units.
Homework
Offer class members two choices.
1. Write out expressions from the phraseological dictionary that can be used in compiling a story about someone’s difficult and interesting work. Explain the lexical meaning of each phraseology you choose.
2. Compose a coherent story on a free topic, using as many phraseological units as possible.
The writing
Ah, girls and boys!
There is such a class in the world that loves to beat backdoors. You will ask why? Now you will find out for yourself. There is a boy in this class who gives heat to teachers, while his class pours mud. You can’t drive up to this boy on a crooked goat, you need to select keys for him. He sits idly all year and thinks that the lesson would end quickly, and by the end of the year he is ready to fall through the ground and blush to the roots of his hair in exams and dissolve the nurse.
And the other boy is a big fan of eating, you won’t pull him from the plate by the ears: after all, cooks at school cook so that you lick your fingers. But suddenly everything changed: he decided to go on a diet, said that he did not fit a piece in his throat. This is true because he lost his head from love, and his happiness hangs in the balance, because the girl of his dreams does not like thick ones. So the poor fellow walks hanging his head.
The third boy in the lessons is in the clouds or counts the raven in the sky, so when the teacher’s pen reaches the line in the journal where his last name is written, he starts to tremble like an aspen leaf. When everyone begins to prepare for the holidays, he disappears somewhere. In the afternoon with fire you will not find him! It seems that he was just here, but if you look, his trace disappeared.
The next boy is good too! He is lanky, he, like Whack, is bogged down in love. He is very proud of this, puts his nose on the window, and as they call to the board, he stands and chews ... a washcloth. If he pushes a speech in his favorite style, then those who listen to him have eyes on his forehead, and smart people let his chatter pass his ears.
The fifth likes to hang noodles on everyone's ears. And everyone listens to him hanging ears, and he seizes the moment and is filled with the nightingale. So he leads the guys by the nose, but as soon as someone comes to his senses, he hides the ends in the water. And so every day - not a day without a line! If you suddenly fail to lie, he walks as if into a dipped water. But in general, he is a boy of exemplary behavior, only likes to scratch his tongue in the classroom. Thank God that teachers haven’t itched their hands to explain the rules of good form.
All these guys have one thing in common: they all love to rush headlong around the classroom and corridors.
Of course, there are girls in this class. There are three of them. The first girl is an excellent pupil, everyone envies her. She does not sit idly by, does something all the time and, if something does not work out, does not grit her teeth, but works in the sweat of her face. Therefore, everything is going smoothly for her.
The second girl is mysterious, and therefore there is nothing to say about her - except perhaps the fact that her fans are a dime a dozen. And she says to everyone: “Date? After the rain on Thursday!". You won’t get sympathy out of her no matter how hard you try.
The third girl used to be an excellent pupil, and now she is playing the fool. As you will see in the journal her grades in physics and geometry - frost penetrates the skin. She is ready to hang on the phone for hours.
In general, the guys are all secret, you can’t figure them out right away. Either they can let dust in their eyes, or they deftly sweep traces. Tell me: are you not familiar with such guys? And while I put an end to.
YURCHENKO Elena,
8th grade
What is MOUSE RETURN? How to spell this word. Concept and interpretation.
RAT RACE that petty intrigues, unworthy deeds. This refers to a group of persons participating in situations related to the division of property, with the distribution of spheres of influence, with the acquisition of a new social status, etc., often with the aim of obtaining personal gain. This means that the actions and actions (P) performed are assessed by the speaker as unscrupulous and unseemly or as vain, petty chores. It is said with disapproval. speech standard. ? P - mouse fuss. Only units h. The role is subject to., add., circum. The order of the component words is fixed. They were creative people, but they could well provide their home in the country for various meetings and for storing such materials if mouse fuss started between journalists and counterintelligence. A. Marinina, Requiem. - You see, Vyacheslav Nikolaevich, around the prizes is a real mouse fuss. This formerly first place was only the first place and did not give anything but glory and honor. And now the prizes are awarded to the contestants in thick envelopes stuffed with hard currency. A. Marinina, Black List. Sofya Petrovna Preobrazhenskaya was always far from petty theatrical affairs, all theatrical mouse fuss was alien to her. B. Khaikin, S.P. Preobrazhenskaya. Finally, the years of the World War with the logistical embezzlement of everything, down to medicines, stupid mouse fuss of different, in essence, not so many employees, as figures of the zemstvo union eating from the front ... K. Simonov, Sofya Leonidovna. Something could have been done to save Vichka’s father’s apartment, but Vichka waved her hand. I didn’t want "mouse fuss". Then they had to tinker. T. Nabatnikova, Every hunter. They replaced the state activity itself with mouse fuss with meetings, decisions (never or almost never been implemented), resolutions, these same country houses, clinics, canteens, sausages and everything, everything, everything. Chimes, 1995. Dealers, crooks ... lead fuss around the oil fields: blocking and blocking the plots ..., selling and reselling pieces of land. V. Vetlina, Living blood of the earth. It’s not very easy for her there. There is enough dirt at the institute. She does not participate in their mouse fuss, and this is another shame, that’s slowly poisoning her. I. Gerasimov, Night trams. Cultural commentary: Image phraseol. correlates with the zoomorphic code of culture, that is, with the totality of stereotypical ideas about the properties, characteristics or characteristics of the behavior of animals that are caused by culture, which act as a source of human understanding of the world. In this case, the figurative content of phraseol. it is based on observing the behavior of an animal that has long been customary for traditional culture of an animal - a mouse and displays a stereotypical idea of \u200b\u200bit as a brisk, agile creature that can penetrate housing even through small gaps, imperceptibly spoils food, leaving behind dirt (crumbs, small pieces of food ), causes damage to things, scurries fussy, rustling, "messing around." phraseol. contains a zoomorphic metaphor in which the unclean actions of a person are likened to such mouse behavior. The image of phraseological. also correlates with the spiritual code of culture, that is, with the totality of moral attitudes and ideas, in which the secret weaving of small intrigues, unscrupulous competition are negatively evaluated. phraseol. in general, it is associated with the stereotypical idea of \u200b\u200bunseemly affairs and petty vain troubles caused by the potential opportunity to receive personal gain.
